The triangle area is the area of ___ resistance.
Answer: minimum
The triangle area is the area of ___ resistance.
Answer: minimum
Answer: minimum
Crisscrossing trabecular systems constitute zone of___ ___ to compressive forces.
Crisscrossing trabecular systems constitute zone of___ ___ to compressive forces.
Answer: maximum resistance
__ result of translation during flexion/extension & lateral bending.
__ result of translation during flexion/extension & lateral bending.
Answer: Shear
__ created by rotation.
__ created by rotation.
Answer: torsion
___ results in compression and tension.
___ results in compression and tension.
Answer: bending
__ result from resisting motion.
__ result from resisting motion.
Answer: tensile
__ result of gravity, ground reaction forces, pull of ligaments and mus.
__ result of gravity, ground reaction forces, pull of ligaments and mus.
Answer: Compression
___ restrain rotation and flexion.
___ restrain rotation and flexion.
Answer: L/S
__ little effect on ROM due to other structures.
__ little effect on ROM due to other structures.
Answer: T/S
__ is relatively lax, restrict rotation and lateral bending, little effect on flexion/extension.
__ is relatively lax, restrict rotation and lateral bending, little effect on flexion/extension.
Answer: c/s
The facet joint capsules provide stability while ____ motion.
The facet joint capsules provide stability while ____ motion.
Answer: limiting
The direction of motion is determined by the orientation of __
The direction of motion is determined by the orientation of __
Answer: Facet
Which has more mobility, C/s or L/s?
Which has more mobility, C/s or L/s?
Answer: c/s It has a higher ratio
The amount of motion is measured by what ratio?
The amount of motion is measured by what ratio?
Answer: the ratio between disc thickness and vert body.
Why do we go midway when immobile?
Why do we go midway when immobile?
Answer: so the antagonist and agonist is not a greater disadvantage.
During a c/s adjustment, they do lateral glide, then rotate to ____ one of the coupled motions.
During a c/s adjustment, they do lateral glide, then rotate to ____ one of the coupled motions.
Answer: limit
In the c/s rotation and lateral flexion will occur on the __ side.
In the c/s rotation and lateral flexion will occur on the __ side.
Answer: same
T/F a taller person may have an extra lumbar vert.
T/F a taller person may have an extra lumbar vert.
Answer: True.
If the lymph node fails to contain the infection what occurs?
If the lymph node fails to contain the infection what occurs?
Answer: Septicemia, and 3rd line of defense - Reticuloendothelial cells in SP LV bone marrow.
T/F lymph nodes are the first line of defense.
T/F lymph nodes are the first line of defense.
Answer: False, it's the second line
In __ increase ESR.
In __ increase ESR.
Answer: Changes in plasma protein level
In ___ prolonged infection stimulates bone marrow stem cells.
In ___ prolonged infection stimulates bone marrow stem cells.
Answer: Leukocytosis
__ contains indigestible material.
__ contains indigestible material.
Answer: Foreign body
Epithelioid Cells are essential for __.
Epithelioid Cells are essential for __.
Answer: Diagnosis of granulomatous / cancers
___ T/F non granulomatous have granulomatous formations.
___ T/F non granulomatous have granulomatous formations.
Answer: False, they do not
2 types of chronic inflammation.
2 types of chronic inflammation.
Answer: Granulomatous and nongranulomatous
__ persist in chronic inflammation.
__ persist in chronic inflammation.
Answer: Neutrophils
__ immune reactions mediated but IgE & parasitic, they lysis the host cell.
__ immune reactions mediated but IgE & parasitic, they lysis the host cell.
Answer: Eosinophils
__ mobilize in both antibody and cell mediated reactions.
__ mobilize in both antibody and cell mediated reactions.
Answer: Lymphocytes
__ activated by contact with antigens, bacteria, toxins, and provoke tissue mediated reachts.
__ activated by contact with antigens, bacteria, toxins, and provoke tissue mediated reachts.
Answer: Lymphocytes
__ produce antibodies.
__ produce antibodies.
Answer: Plasma cells
___ cells kill bacteria by oxygen dependent and independent mechanisms.
___ cells kill bacteria by oxygen dependent and independent mechanisms.
Answer: Scavenger cells (of Tissue macrophage)
During phagocytosis, macrophages are activated by
During phagocytosis, macrophages are activated by
Answer:
- Y interferon
- Immunoglobulin
- Complement
Chronic inflammation arise from__
Chronic inflammation arise from__
1: following acute inflam
2: repeated attack
3: low grade response (no signs)
Immune response cells consists of ___
Immune response cells consists of ___
- Lymphocytes
- Macrophage
- Plasma cells
During ___ can cause hemorrhage and retinopathy.
During ___ can cause hemorrhage and retinopathy.
Answer: Prediabetic / hypertension
When cup an disc near the fovea and in size (central cup)?
When cup an disc near the fovea and in size (central cup)?
Answer: Glaucoma
The cup and disc are ____ compared to the fovea on the Rt eye.
The cup and disc are ____ compared to the fovea on the Rt eye.
Answer: Medial
Which area of the vert body is more prone to fractures and why?
Which area of the vert body is more prone to fractures and why?
Answer: the anterior portion because there are less crisscrossing lines.
Crisscrossing tubercular systems have ___ resistance.
Crisscrossing tubercular systems have ___ resistance.
Answer: max
Capsules are thickest in which region?
Capsules are thickest in which region?
Answer: C/T and T/L Junctions (apex of curves)
__ has more mobility than ___ even though the disc height is less.
__ has more mobility than ___ even though the disc height is less.
Answer: C, L
The superior facet orientation in the C, T, L
The superior facet orientation in the C, T, L
Answer:
C: superior/posterior
T: posterior
L: medial
The direction of motion is determined by
The direction of motion is determined by
Answer: facet orientation
What would happen if coupled motion didn't' happen the C/S?
What would happen if coupled motion didn't' happen the C/S?
Answer: when we laterally bend our head, our face would be down
What happen when we laterally bend our head?
What happen when we laterally bend our head?
Answer: the upper C/S Counter rotates to keep the face in line.
In the head and neck, the upper C/S will
In the head and neck, the upper C/S will
Answer: compensate for the motion of the lower C/S.
Technologist __ change the wave form generated from the high-voltage output.
Technologist __ change the wave form generated from the high-voltage output.
Answer: cannot
As voltage ripple decreases, the ability to produce higher energy and higher quantity x-rays __.
As voltage ripple decreases, the ability to produce higher energy and higher quantity x-rays __.
Answer: increases
Three-phase and high-frequency operation are considerably __ than single phase operation.
Three-phase and high-frequency operation are considerably __ than single phase operation.
Answer: more efficient
__ will reduce the overall x-ray intensity and increase the average energy.
__ will reduce the overall x-ray intensity and increase the average energy.
Answer: filtration
A 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to __ the mAs.
A 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to __ the mAs.
Answer: doubling
A change in the __ affects both the amplitude AND position of the x-ray emission spectrum.
A change in the __ affects both the amplitude AND position of the x-ray emission spectrum.
Answer: kVp
A change in the __ results in a proportional change in the amplitude of the x-ray emission spectrum at all energies.
A change in the __ results in a proportional change in the amplitude of the x-ray emission spectrum at all energies.
Answer: mA or mAs
Does HCO3 affect the CNS?
Does HCO3 affect the CNS?
Answer: No
Apneusis breathing pattern is caused by which nerve?
Apneusis breathing pattern is caused by which nerve?
Answer: Apneusis center and Vegas nerve not function
T/F: H+ have a high effect on chemo receptors.
T/F: H+ have a high effect on chemo receptors.
Answer: True: very high
T/F O2 has an effect on chemo receptors.
T/F O2 has an effect on chemo receptors.
Answer: False: no effect
__ = pressure across a wall, or, more specifically, the pressure difference between the inside of the wall and the outside of the wall.
__ = pressure across a wall, or, more specifically, the pressure difference between the inside of the wall and the outside of the wall.
Answer: Transmural pressure
During inspiration, the pressure in the alv is ___ to the pressure in the Air.
During inspiration, the pressure in the alv is ___ to the pressure in the Air.
Answer: Less have than
If you contact the diaphragm, it will ___ the volume of the chest.
If you contact the diaphragm, it will ___ the volume of the chest.
Answer: Increase
The visceral is around the lungs and it creates a __ pressure which ___ volume.
The visceral is around the lungs and it creates a __ pressure which ___ volume.
Answer: Negative, Increases
Fumarate to malate is a
Fumarate to malate is a
Answer: hydration reaction
The primary functional groups of carbon are
The primary functional groups of carbon are
Answer: ketone & Aldehyde
Lactose = Glucose + __
Lactose = Glucose + __
Answer: D galactose
Under strict anaerobic, the catabolism of one glucose molecule =
Under strict anaerobic, the catabolism of one glucose molecule =
Answer: 2 atp, 2 lactic acid
The phosphate group (almost) always comes from ATP phosphorylation of sugar to __
The phosphate group (almost) always comes from ATP phosphorylation of sugar to __
Answer: help make it recognizable for metabolism.
What is most soluble in water?
What is most soluble in water?
Answer: glycerol phospholipid
What statement about phosphorylation of sugar is incorrect?
What statement about phosphorylation of sugar is incorrect?
Answer: It makes the sugar more positively charged
Triglyceride is formed by the condensation of an acid and alcohol forming a _ bond.
Triglyceride is formed by the condensation of an acid and alcohol forming a _ bond.
Answer: Ester Bond
def of tryptophan will = a def in __.
def of tryptophan will = a def in __.
Answer: niacin
__ is the end product of purine catabolism.
__ is the end product of purine catabolism.
Answer: uric acid
___ protein is dictated by codon of gene expre.
___ protein is dictated by codon of gene expre.
Answer: Primary
__ is not an antioxidant.
__ is not an antioxidant.
Answer: Copper
___ enhances sodium retention and enhanced excretion of potassium.
___ enhances sodium retention and enhanced excretion of potassium.
Answer: Mineralocorticoid
Epinephrine and glucagon have which one of the following effects on glycogen in the liver?
Epinephrine and glucagon have which one of the following effects on glycogen in the liver?
Answer:
Glycogen phosphorylase is activated
and glycogen synthase is Inactivated
Vit ___ synthesis of prothrombin.
Vit ___ synthesis of prothrombin.
Answer: K
Rhodopsin def is a def in
Rhodopsin def is a def in
Answer: Vit a
__ is a Glycerophospholipid.
__ is a Glycerophospholipid.
Answer: Lecithin
__ maintains Osmotic balance.
__ maintains Osmotic balance.
Answer: Phosphorus
Codon on ___, anticodon on ___.
Codon on ___, anticodon on ___.
Answer: mRNA, tRNA
High affinity has the __ number.
High affinity has the __ number.
Answer: Smallest , 1.5nM
Weak affinity has the ___ number.
Weak affinity has the ___ number.
Answer: Largest 150mM
Ketone acetoacetate is synthesis inside the mitochondria when __
Ketone acetoacetate is synthesis inside the mitochondria when __
Answer: B-hydroxybutyrate
Purine ribonucleoside pros are all synth de novo from the common intermediate ___
Purine ribonucleoside pros are all synth de novo from the common intermediate ___
Answer: iodine phosphate
Ketogenic a/a degrade to __
Ketogenic a/a degrade to __
Answer: Acteoactyl CoA
Disulfide bonds are in what structures?
Disulfide bonds are in what structures?
Answer: Tertiary protein structure only
Vit ___ acts as a coenzyme in transamination reactions.
Vit ___ acts as a coenzyme in transamination reactions.
Answer: B6
Which Triacylglycerole is solid at room temp?
Which Triacylglycerole is solid at room temp?
Answer: Fat
CH3 (CH2)18 COOH , how many CoA & B-Oxi groups?
CH3 (CH2)18 COOH , how many CoA & B-Oxi groups?
Answer: 10, 9
Hydroxyl action 1-25 hydroxycholecalciferol occurs in the ___
Hydroxyl action 1-25 hydroxycholecalciferol occurs in the ___
Answer: Kidney
Protein manufactures which hormone?
Protein manufactures which hormone?
Answer: Insulin
Peptide bonds of a/a are __.
Peptide bonds of a/a are __.
Answer: Amide bonds
If a cell were unable to synthesis PRPP ___ synthesis is impaired.
If a cell were unable to synthesis PRPP ___ synthesis is impaired.
Answer: Ribose 5 phosphate
Pt with Gout many not be able to ___
Pt with Gout many not be able to ___
Answer: Salvage catabolize purines
Vit _ promotes the diff of epithelial cells.
Vit _ promotes the diff of epithelial cells.
Answer: A
___ breaks down purine to uric acid.
___ breaks down purine to uric acid.
Answer: Xanthine oxidase
Vit ___ influences the formation of collagen, the organic matrix found in dentin and cementum.
Vit ___ influences the formation of collagen, the organic matrix found in dentin and cementum.
Answer: C
WHR can predict _____
WHR can predict _____
Answer: CVD, T2DM
Limit your waist size to less than half of your ___."
Limit your waist size to less than half of your ___."
Answer: Height
____ is a better predictor of diabetes or CVD than ______.
____ is a better predictor of diabetes or CVD than ______.
Answer: Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Than (WC waist circumference)
Daily caloric requirements = BEE + ____
Daily caloric requirements = BEE + ____
Answer: PAL
Lean muscle mass can increase __.
Lean muscle mass can increase __.
Answer: BMR
Lean muscle mass can increase __.
Lean muscle mass can increase __.
Answer: BMR
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